Zeiterfassung: Backoffice erfasst Zeiten für Mitarbeiter

- Backoffice-Rolle erhält field:correct_time (User-Entscheidung): Zeiten für
  Monteure/Teamleiter direkt freigegeben anlegen und korrigieren
- Eigene Zeiten erfordern weiterhin field:record_own_time (Backoffice erfasst
  keine eigenen Zeiten)
- Auftragsdetail › Zeiten: Formular „Zeit für Mitarbeiter erfassen“ (Mitarbeiter,
  Art, Datum, von–bis oder Dauer, Begründung; Mandanten-Zeitzone)
- Server Action recordTimeForUserAction (moduleGuard work_orders)
- Test test-backoffice-time (Backoffice, fremdes Team, Monteur, Mandantentrennung)

Demo-Daten lokal bereinigt: je Monteur nur noch eine aktive Uhr.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

messages/de/workOrders.json

@@ -251,7 +251,23 @@
     "rejectReason": "Grund",
     "approved": "Freigegeben.",
     "rejected": "Abgelehnt.",
-    "openApprovals": "Alle offenen Freigaben"
+    "openApprovals": "Alle offenen Freigaben",
+    "record": {
+      "title": "Zeit für Mitarbeiter erfassen",
+      "hint": "Vom Büro oder Teamleiter erfasste Zeiten gelten sofort als freigegeben und werden protokolliert. Entweder Bis-Uhrzeit oder Dauer angeben.",
+      "user": "Mitarbeiter",
+      "userPlaceholder": "Mitarbeiter wählen",
+      "type": "Art",
+      "date": "Datum",
+      "from": "Von",
+      "to": "Bis",
+      "duration": "Dauer (Minuten)",
+      "durationHint": "Nur wenn keine Bis-Uhrzeit angegeben ist.",
+      "reason": "Begründung",
+      "note": "Notiz (optional)",
+      "submit": "Zeit speichern",
+      "saved": "Zeit gespeichert."
+    }
   },
   "photos": {
     "empty": "Noch keine Fotos.",

messages/en/workOrders.json

@@ -251,7 +251,23 @@
     "rejectReason": "Reason",
     "approved": "Approved.",
     "rejected": "Rejected.",
-    "openApprovals": "All open approvals"
+    "openApprovals": "All open approvals",
+    "record": {
+      "title": "Record time for a staff member",
+      "hint": "Times recorded by the office or a team lead are approved immediately and audited. Enter either an end time or a duration.",
+      "user": "Staff member",
+      "userPlaceholder": "Select staff member",
+      "type": "Type",
+      "date": "Date",
+      "from": "From",
+      "to": "To",
+      "duration": "Duration (minutes)",
+      "durationHint": "Only if no end time is given.",
+      "reason": "Reason",
+      "note": "Note (optional)",
+      "submit": "Save time",
+      "saved": "Time saved."
+    }
   },
   "photos": {
     "empty": "No photos yet.",

scripts/test-backoffice-time.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// Backoffice / team lead records time for staff (field:correct_time, User 2026-09-15):
+//  (1) back office records for a technician → approved directly, source manual, audited
+//  (2) team lead of ANOTHER team → forbidden (user_not_in_team); own team member → approved
+//  (3) technician cannot record for a colleague → forbidden
+//  (4) other tenant's back office → not_found for the order
+//  (5) back office role carries field:correct_time
+//
+// Lauf: npx tsx scripts/test-backoffice-time.ts (lokale Postgres-DB aus .env)
+
+import "dotenv/config";
+import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
+import { prisma } from "../src/server/db";
+import { ROLE_DEFS } from "../src/server/rbac";
+import { addManualTimeEntry } from "../src/server/services/field/time-entries";
+import { berlinAt, createTenant, expectCode, ok, runSuite, section, type TenantFixture } from "./lib/e2e-fixture";
+
+const SLUG_A = "zz-bo-time-a";
+const SLUG_B = "zz-bo-time-b";
+
+async function order(A: TenantFixture) {
+  return prisma.workOrder.create({
+    data: {
+      tenantId: A.tenantId,
+      number: `BT-${randomUUID().slice(0, 6)}`,
+      customerId: A.customerId,
+      siteId: A.siteId,
+      title: "Heizungswartung",
+      status: "in_progress",
+      assignedTeamId: A.teamId,
+    },
+  });
+}
+
+void runSuite("Backoffice erfasst Zeiten", [SLUG_A, SLUG_B], async () => {
+  const A = await createTenant(SLUG_A);
+  const B = await createTenant(SLUG_B);
+  const wo = await order(A);
+
+  section("Rolle");
+  ok(ROLE_DEFS.backoffice.permissions.includes("field:correct_time"), "(5) Backoffice-Rolle hat field:correct_time");
+
+  section("Backoffice");
+  const entry = await addManualTimeEntry(A.ctx.backoffice, {
+    workOrderId: wo.id,
+    forUserId: A.users.tech.id,
+    type: "work",
+    startedAt: berlinAt(-1, 8),
+    endedAt: berlinAt(-1, 10),
+    reason: "Stundenzettel nachgetragen",
+  });
+  ok(entry.userId === A.users.tech.id, "(1) Eintrag gehört dem Monteur");
+  ok(entry.approvalStatus === "approved" && entry.source === "manual", "(1) direkt freigegeben, Quelle manuell");
+  const audited = await prisma.auditLog.count({ where: { tenantId: A.tenantId, entity: "time_entry", entityId: entry.id } });
+  ok(audited >= 1, "(1) Audit-Eintrag vorhanden");
+
+  section("Teamleiter / Monteur");
+  await expectCode(
+    () => addManualTimeEntry(A.ctx.lead2, { workOrderId: wo.id, forUserId: A.users.tech.id, type: "work", startedAt: berlinAt(-1, 11), endedAt: berlinAt(-1, 12), reason: "fremdes Team" }),
+    ["forbidden", "not_found"],
+    "(2) Teamleiter eines anderen Teams → abgewiesen",
+  );
+  const leadEntry = await addManualTimeEntry(A.ctx.lead, {
+    workOrderId: wo.id,
+    forUserId: A.users.tech2.id,
+    type: "travel",
+    startedAt: berlinAt(-1, 7),
+    durationMinutes: 30,
+    reason: "Anfahrt nachgetragen",
+  });
+  ok(leadEntry.approvalStatus === "approved", "(2) Teamleiter für eigenes Teammitglied → freigegeben");
+  await expectCode(
+    () => addManualTimeEntry(A.ctx.tech, { workOrderId: wo.id, forUserId: A.users.tech2.id, type: "work", startedAt: berlinAt(-2, 8), endedAt: berlinAt(-2, 9), reason: "für Kollegen" }),
+    "forbidden",
+    "(3) Monteur für Kollegen → forbidden",
+  );
+
+  section("Mandantentrennung");
+  await expectCode(
+    () => addManualTimeEntry(B.ctx.backoffice, { workOrderId: wo.id, forUserId: A.users.tech.id, type: "work", startedAt: berlinAt(-1, 13), endedAt: berlinAt(-1, 14), reason: "fremder Mandant" }),
+    ["not_found", "forbidden"],
+    "(4) Backoffice anderer Mandant → abgewiesen",
+  );
+});

src/components/work-orders/detail-tabs.tsx

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import {
   removePhotoRequirementAction,
 } from "@/server/actions/work_orders/work-orders";
 import { formatDate, formatDateTime } from "@/lib/work-orders/time";
-import { approveTimeEntryAction, rejectTimeEntryAction } from "@/server/actions/work_orders/time-approvals";
+import { approveTimeEntryAction, recordTimeForUserAction, rejectTimeEntryAction } from "@/server/actions/work_orders/time-approvals";
 import { ActionForm } from "@/components/work-orders/action-form";
 import { buttonCls } from "@/components/work-orders/button-cls";
 import { Check, Dl, Empty, Field, inputCls, Section } from "@/components/work-orders/ui";
@@ -297,10 +297,89 @@ export async function MaterialTab({ ctx, wo, locale, canEdit }: TabProps) {
   );
 }
 
+/** Back office / team lead: record time for a staff member (`field:correct_time`), approved directly. */
+async function RecordTimeSection({ ctx, wo }: { ctx: ServiceCtx; wo: WorkOrderDetail }) {
+  if (!ctx.permissions.has("field:correct_time")) return null;
+  const t = await getTranslations("workOrders");
+  const staff = await ctx.db.user.findMany({
+    where: { status: "ACTIVE", userRoles: { some: { role: { key: { in: ["technician", "team-lead"] } } } } },
+    select: { id: true, name: true },
+    orderBy: { name: "asc" },
+  });
+  if (staff.length === 0) return null;
+  const types = ["work", "travel", "return_travel", "material_procurement", "break"] as const;
+  const label = "mb-1 block text-xs font-semibold text-muted-foreground";
+  return (
+    <details className="shadow-card rounded-xl border bg-card p-4">
+      <summary className="cursor-pointer text-sm font-semibold">{t("times.record.title")}</summary>
+      <p className="mt-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("times.record.hint")}</p>
+      <ActionForm action={recordTimeForUserAction} submitLabel={t("times.record.submit")} variant="primary" successText={t("times.record.saved")} className="mt-3 grid gap-3 sm:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3">
+        <Hidden name="workOrderId" value={wo.id} />
+        <label className="block">
+          <span className={label}>{t("times.record.user")}</span>
+          <select name="forUserId" required className={inputCls} defaultValue="">
+            <option value="" disabled>
+              {t("times.record.userPlaceholder")}
+            </option>
+            {staff.map((u) => (
+              <option key={u.id} value={u.id}>
+                {u.name}
+              </option>
+            ))}
+          </select>
+        </label>
+        <label className="block">
+          <span className={label}>{t("times.record.type")}</span>
+          <select name="type" className={inputCls} defaultValue="work">
+            {types.map((ty) => (
+              <option key={ty} value={ty}>
+                {t(`times.entryType.${ty}`)}
+              </option>
+            ))}
+          </select>
+        </label>
+        <label className="block">
+          <span className={label}>{t("times.record.date")}</span>
+          <input type="date" name="date" required className={inputCls} />
+        </label>
+        <label className="block">
+          <span className={label}>{t("times.record.from")}</span>
+          <input type="time" name="from" required className={inputCls} />
+        </label>
+        <label className="block">
+          <span className={label}>{t("times.record.to")}</span>
+          <input type="time" name="to" className={inputCls} />
+        </label>
+        <label className="block">
+          <span className={label}>{t("times.record.duration")}</span>
+          <input type="number" name="durationMinutes" min={1} max={960} step={5} className={inputCls} aria-describedby="record-duration-hint" />
+          <span id="record-duration-hint" className="mt-1 block text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+            {t("times.record.durationHint")}
+          </span>
+        </label>
+        <label className="block sm:col-span-2 lg:col-span-3">
+          <span className={label}>{t("times.record.reason")}</span>
+          <input name="reason" required minLength={3} maxLength={500} className={inputCls} />
+        </label>
+        <label className="block sm:col-span-2 lg:col-span-3">
+          <span className={label}>{t("times.record.note")}</span>
+          <input name="note" maxLength={2000} className={inputCls} />
+        </label>
+      </ActionForm>
+    </details>
+  );
+}
+
 export async function TimesTab({ ctx, wo, locale, tz }: TabProps) {
   const t = await getTranslations("workOrders");
   const sessions = await getTimesTab(ctx, wo.id);
-  if (sessions.length === 0) return <Empty>{t("times.empty")}</Empty>;
+  if (sessions.length === 0)
+    return (
+      <div className="space-y-3">
+        <RecordTimeSection ctx={ctx} wo={wo} />
+        <Empty>{t("times.empty")}</Empty>
+      </div>
+    );
   // L12: approved vs. pending totals, badges and inline approval
   const canApprove = ctx.permissions.has("time:approve");
   const pendingTotal = sessions.reduce((sum, s) => sum + s.pendingMinutes, 0);
@@ -308,6 +387,7 @@ export async function TimesTab({ ctx, wo, locale, tz }: TabProps) {
   const badge = "inline-flex items-center rounded px-1.5 py-0.5 text-xs font-semibold";
   return (
     <div className="space-y-3">
+      <RecordTimeSection ctx={ctx} wo={wo} />
       <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-3 text-sm">
         <span className="font-semibold">
           {t("times.approvedMinutes")}: {t("times.minutes", { minutes: sessions.reduce((sum, s) => sum + s.workMinutes, 0) })}

src/server/actions/work_orders/time-approvals.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ import { revalidatePath } from "next/cache";
 import type { ActionState } from "@/lib/work-orders/action-state";
 import { moduleGuard } from "@/server/action-guard";
 import { ctxFromGuard } from "@/server/services/context";
-import { approveTimeEntries, approveTimeEntry, rejectTimeEntry } from "@/server/services/field/time-entries";
+import { addManualTimeEntry, approveTimeEntries, approveTimeEntry, rejectTimeEntry } from "@/server/services/field/time-entries";
+import { wallTimeToUtc } from "@/lib/work-orders/time";
 import { ok, str, toErrorState } from "./_form";
 
 /**
@@ -69,3 +70,47 @@ export async function approveTimeEntriesAction(_prev: ActionState, fd: FormData)
     return toErrorState(err, { tenantId, actorId, entity: "time_entry" });
   }
 }
+
+const RECORD_TYPES = ["work", "travel", "return_travel", "material_procurement", "break"] as const;
+
+/**
+ * Back office / team lead: record a time entry for a staff member (`field:correct_time`, User 2026-09-15).
+ * Date + wall-clock times are interpreted in the tenant time zone. Permission, team scope, overlap,
+ * 7-day window, audit and "approved directly" are enforced by services/field/time-entries.ts.
+ */
+export async function recordTimeForUserAction(_prev: ActionState, fd: FormData): Promise<ActionState> {
+  const workOrderId = str(fd, "workOrderId") ?? "";
+  let tenantId: string | undefined;
+  let actorId: string | undefined;
+  try {
+    const g = await guard("field:correct_time");
+    tenantId = g.session.user.tenantId;
+    actorId = g.session.user.id;
+    const ctx = ctxFromGuard(g);
+    const settings = await ctx.db.tenantSettings.findFirst({ select: { timezone: true } });
+    const tz = settings?.timezone ?? "Europe/Berlin";
+    const date = str(fd, "date") ?? "";
+    const from = str(fd, "from") ?? "";
+    const to = str(fd, "to");
+    const duration = Number(str(fd, "durationMinutes") ?? "");
+    const type = str(fd, "type") ?? "work";
+    const startedAt = wallTimeToUtc(`${date}T${from}`, tz);
+    const endedAt = to ? wallTimeToUtc(`${date}T${to}`, tz) : undefined;
+    if (!startedAt || (to && !endedAt) || (!to && !(duration > 0))) {
+      return { status: "error", code: "invalid", message: "time_invalid_range", at: Date.now() };
+    }
+    await addManualTimeEntry(ctx, {
+      workOrderId,
+      forUserId: str(fd, "forUserId") ?? "",
+      type: (RECORD_TYPES as readonly string[]).includes(type) ? (type as (typeof RECORD_TYPES)[number]) : "work",
+      startedAt,
+      ...(endedAt ? { endedAt } : { durationMinutes: Math.round(duration) }),
+      reason: str(fd, "reason") ?? "",
+      note: str(fd, "note") ?? null,
+    });
+  } catch (err) {
+    return toErrorState(err, { tenantId, actorId, entity: "time_entry", entityId: workOrderId });
+  }
+  revalidate(workOrderId);
+  return ok();
+}

src/server/rbac.ts

@@ -76,7 +76,8 @@ export const ROLE_DEFS: Record<RoleKey, { name: string; permissions: readonly Pe
   backoffice: {
     name: "Backoffice",
     permissions: PERMISSIONS.filter(
-      (p) => !ADMIN_ONLY.includes(p) && !p.startsWith("field:") && p !== "emergency:create",
+      // field:correct_time (User 2026-09-15): the back office may record/correct time entries for staff (approved directly).
+      (p) => !ADMIN_ONLY.includes(p) && (!p.startsWith("field:") || p === "field:correct_time") && p !== "emergency:create",
     ),
   },
   "team-lead": {

src/server/services/field/time-entries.ts

@@ -158,7 +158,9 @@ export async function addManualTimeEntry(ctx: ServiceCtx, raw: ManualTimeInput)
   const targetUserId = input.forUserId && input.forUserId !== ctx.userId ? input.forUserId : ctx.userId;
   const own = targetUserId === ctx.userId;
   if (own) {
-    if (!can(ctx, "field:record_own_time") && !can(ctx, "field:correct_time")) throw new ServiceError("forbidden", "missing permission field:record_own_time");
+    // Own time always needs field:record_own_time (field staff). field:correct_time only covers OTHER staff —
+    // the back office holds it (User 2026-09-15) but records no own time.
+    if (!can(ctx, "field:record_own_time")) throw new ServiceError("forbidden", "missing permission field:record_own_time");
   } else {
     assertCan(ctx, "field:correct_time");
   }